The infant microbiome is critical to human health, and its composition is determined by microbiota exchanges between mothers and their children. Several practises, such as Caesarean section (C-section), perinatal antibiotics, and formula feeding, have been linked to an increased risk of metabolic and immune diseases. Reviewing the recent knowledge about the effects on infant microbiome assembly, discuss preventive and restorative strategies to mitigate the effects of these impacts, and highlight areas where research is needed to advance this field and improve future generations' health. Before and after treatment, as well as at 1, 4, and 12 months of age, all babies had a rectal or faecal sample taken? The microbes that comprised their newly formed microbiome were identified in the samples. There was a significant decrease in the levels of different Bifidobacterium species in new-borns who were given antibiotics compared to babies who did not receive antibiotic treatment. These microorganisms aid in the digestion of human breast milk and enhance gut health, as well as bolstering the immune system's ability to fight illness. In the antibiotic-treated group, they discovered a rise in potentially disease-causing bacteria as well as an increase in the quantity and abundance of genes linked to antimicrobial resistance.
